各位,大家好。
我是长沙新东方的英语语法主讲老师尹爱华。就这个机会,我将从三个方面来谈谈我的见解。第一:对本次高考英语语法来作个简单的概括;第二:清晰的解释每道题目;第三:串联语法体系供明年考生参考。
首先:总体来将,2010年6月湖南高考英语语法偏易。具体考察知识点主要集中在非谓语(3道)、从句及特殊句式(5 道)、时态(4道),其次就是主谓一致、情态动词以及副词各1道。以往情态动词一般是较难题,而今年,只要考生稍微注意对于must, must not(表示禁止做某事) ,have to等还是容易把握。
下面我将清晰的解释每道题目。
21 Listen! Do you hear someone _________ for help?
A calling B call C to call D called
分析:考察非谓语动词做宾补。做题步骤:首先找出逻辑主语(非谓语动词的发出者),即someone,因为是某人求救,而不是你; 其次,判断逻辑主语与选项之间的主被动,显然是主动;最后确定是全过程还是瞬间,由Listen! 推出为瞬间过程,所以答案就是A.(表示主动,且为瞬间即进行)
22 Father ________ goes to the gym with us although he dislikes going there.
A hardly B seldom C sometimes D never
分析:考察副词。该题相对容易,当你看到从句句意虽然父亲不喜欢去体育馆,你就明白这是一个转折关系,故选C .注:也有部分考生是不认识hardly , seldom的,希多努力点。
23 You ______ buy a gift, but you can if you want to .
A must B mustn’t C have to D don’t have to
分析:考察情态动词。同第22道题,由句意但如果你想买,你当然可以。故前面句意为虽然… 故选D.
24 This coastal area _______ a national wildlife reserve last year.
A was named B named C is named D names
分析:考察时态。该题为容易题。做题步骤:首先判断时间,由last year 推出为过去,其次根据主被动推出该句为被动,故选A.
25 John’s success has nothing to do with good luck. It is years of hard work __________ has made him what he is today.
A why B when C which D that
分析:考察强调句和it 位于句首。高中阶段, it 位于句首,要么是充当形式主语(当主语为由that+陈述句充当主语从句,不定式短语或动名词短语做主语);要么是引导强调句(去掉it is… that )句意还完整。故选D
26 Dina, ________ for months to find a job as a waitress , finally took a position at a local
advertising agency.
A struggling B struggled C having struggled D to struggle
分析:考察非谓语动词。抛开解题步骤,我更愿意了解该题的本质。此句是把分词短语当作插入语来补充说明Dina的。而插入语一般有两种:一是状语从句省略形式;二是非
限定性定语从句及它的省略形式。2009年第一道语法题目考察的就是状语从句的省略形式。
【附】Every evening after dinner , if not _________ from work , I will spend some time walking
A being tired B tiring C tired D to be tired
还原之后为,if I am not tired , 故为C
而今年这道是非限制性定语从句。原句…,who have struggled for months.故答案为C
至于省略方法就是主从句主语相同,去掉从句主语,连同从句的be 动词。
注:原理(相见我谈的第三方面)
27 I was just going to cut my rose bushes but someone __________ it . Was it you?
A has done B had done C would do D will do
分析:考察时态。首先判断时态,由was going to... 推出时间为过去,又因为but someone ...
故为过去的过去,所以答案是B.
28 I have become good friends with several of the students in my school _________ I met in the English speech contest last year.
A who B where C when D which
分析:考察定语从句。做题步骤来由:先行词= 关系代词,关系副词= 相应的介词+ 先行词或关系代词(转换原理: 凡充当相同成分的均可以互相转换)。故首先找出先行词,为several of the students ,然后将其带入进行整理,若完整则为关系代词,若不完整,则为关系副词或whose.
故选A
29 If he __________ my advice , he wouldn’t have lost his job.
A followed B should follow C had followed D would follow
分析:考察虚拟语气。做题规则:虚拟语气放眼过去全是过去,时间倒退一格。该题是对过去的虚拟故用过去完成. 故选C
30 So far nobody has claimed the money ________ in the library.
A discovered B to be discovered C discovering D having discovered
分析:考察非谓语动词。
首先找出逻辑主语,显示为the money ;
其次为判断主被动,为被动,故排除C, D
最后判断时间,由so far 排除B
答案为A
31 I walked slowly through the market , where people ________ all kinds of fruits and vegetables , I studied the prices carefully and bought what I needed.
A sell B were selling C has sold D have sold
分析:考察时态。
首先判断时间,由... walked slowly.. ,为过去,故排除A
其次判断动作,由句意,为进行,故选B.
32 Tim is in good shape physically ________ he doesn’t get much exercises.
A if B even thought C unless D as long as
分析:考察状语从句。
做题关键,判断主句和从句的逻辑关系。由句子意思为转折,故答案为B
33 Listening to loud music at rock concerts _____ caused hearing loss in someone teenagers.
A is B are C has D have
分析:考察主谓一致。当主语为动名词短语时,谓语动词用单数,所以排除B , D
根据谓语的主被动,故排除A .
答案C
34 I am tired out .I __________ all afternoon and I don’t seem to have finished anything.
A shopped B have shopped C had shopped D have been shopping
分析:考察时态。
首先判断时间,由句子 I am tired out .的am , 和 and I don’t seem.. 的don’t 可知道为现在,故排除A , C
现在完成是强调时间的结果,而现在完成进行则强调动作的延续性,我整个下午一直
在购物。故选D
35 Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears. No one in the office knew _______ she was
so angry.
A where B whether C that D why
分析:考察状语从句。根据逻辑关系选D.
最后,我想告诉各位,高考语法看似简单,若没有扎实,完善,逻辑的语法体系,也不能保证万无一失。所以我将阐述语法体系仅仅供大家参考,如果你觉的好,那就吸收,如果你觉得不好,请提出批评。
我认为,语法体系它是有线索的,首先应该明白这样一个道路,那就是:转换原理。比方说,我们要描述一个有能力的人,我们可以这样讲:an able person, 还可以这样说 a person with ability , 和a person who has ability . 这里able , with ability,以及who has ability 都同时修饰a person , 充当定语,前者是前置定语,后两个是后置定语,但翻译是都有共同的意思,且都含有“的”的意思,因此,我们总结到:凡是翻译成中文含有的的都是定语,我们在表达的时候可以任意选择,所以它们几个是可以相互转换的。这就可以得出:在任何一个简单句子中,构成主语的永远是名词,构成谓语的是实义动词,构成定语的永远是形容词,构成状语的永远是副词。
因为转换原理:
主干 枝叶
主 (名词,代词,动名词,主语从句) 定(形容词,介词短语,分词短语,定语从句)
谓 动词 状(副词,介词短语,分词短语,状语从句)
宾 (名词,代词,动名词,宾语从句)
我们干脆直接根据转换原理得出:主干就是两个词,名词和动词;枝叶就是形容词和副词;
第一:它可以告诉我们为什么在定语从句中经常听到in which = where ,因为in which 是介词加上关系代词(也是名词),充当状语,而关系副词where也是充当状语,它们可以相互转换。
因此,我们乘胜追击:对从句进行转换。
看下图:
→
简单句 并列句和复合句
←
当两套主谓结构在一起时,我们就要加连词,加并列连词(and , but , or , for , while)构成并列句,加从属连词则构成复合句子。也就是说简单句通过加连词变成并列句和复合句,那么如果要使语言趋向简洁,我们要把并列句和复合句变成简单句怎么办呢?
显然,我们要去掉连词或者把连词介词化。如:
1 :The man who lives next to me is my teacher.
2: After I finished my work , I went out .
句1,我们可以把它变成是The man living next to me is my teacher. 而living next to me 这个分词短语,就相当于一个形容词,因为定语从句也是一样。所以你就明白了今年高考第26题我为什么要还原了,而不是强加给你们的。
句2,可变成After finishing my work , I went out .而动名词短语finishing my work ,是介词after 的宾语,故状语从句和介词短语在这里进行转换了。
由于篇幅有限,语法的内部连接我会在2010年暑假高考英语语法强化班进行全方面的阐述,希望能够对大家有所帮助,谢谢!
(编辑:彭志强) |